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Background Hydrochlorothiazide is the most commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic. It is indicated to treat edema and hypertension. Hydrochlorothiazide use is common but declining in favour of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Many combination products are available containing hydrochlorothiazide and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. Hydrochlorothiazide was granted FDA approval on 12 February 1959. Properties and Characteristics of …

Background Glycopyrrolate, also known as glycopyrronium, is an anticholinergic drug. It is a synthetically created quaternary amine with pyridine and a cyclopentane moiety within the compound’s structure. Glycopyrrolate has been widely used as a preoperative medication to inhibit salivary gland and respiratory secretions. The most frequent reasons for administering anticholinergics include producing an antisialagogue effect, creating a sedative and amnesic …

Gemfibrozil – Background Gemfibrozil belongs to the class of medications called fibrates. Fibrates work by speeding the natural processes that remove cholesterol from the body. They lower the amount of ‘fat’ (triglyceride) and ‘bad cholesterol’ (low density lipoprotein or LDL-cholesterol) as well as increase the amount of ‘good cholesterol’ (high density lipoprotein or HDL-cholesterol) in the blood. High ‘bad cholesterol’ …

Background Fluconazole, commonly known as Diflucan, is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of both systemic and superficial fungal infections in a variety of tissues. It was initially approved by the FDA in 1990. This drug is an azole antifungal, in the same drug family as ketoconazole and itraconazole. Fluconazole has many advantages over the other antifungal drugs including …

Background Fexofenadine is an over-the-counter second-generation antihistamine used in the treatment of various allergic symptoms. It is selective for the H1 receptor, carries little-to-no activity at off-targets, and does not cross the blood-brain barrier – this is in contrast to previous first-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, which readily bind to off-targets that contribute to side effects such as sedation. Fexofenadine …

What is Erythromycin? Erythromycin is an antibiotic in the class of antibiotics known as macrolide antibiotics which also includes azithromycin (Zithromax, Zmax) and clarithromycin (Biaxin). Erythromycin, like all macrolide antibiotics, prevents bacterial cells from growing and multiplying by interfering with their ability to make proteins while not affecting human cells. Bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae are resistant to erythromycin alone …

Description Bambuterol is a long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma. It is a prodrug of terbutaline. Bambuterol is a carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma; it is a prodrug for terbutaline. It has …

What is Dabigatran? Dabigatran (Pradaxa) is an anticoagulant that works by blocking the clotting protein thrombin. It is used to prevent blood clots from forming because of a certain irregular heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation). Preventing these blood clots helps to reduce the risk of a stroke. Properties and Characteristics of Dabigatran Drug class Anticoagulant Brand Names Pradaxa Synonyms Dabigatran, 211914-51-1, …

Background Eflornithine is a prescription drug indicated in the treatment of facial hirsutism (excessive hair growth). Eflornithine hydrochloride cream for topical application is intended for use in women suffering from facial hirsutism and is sold by Allergan, Inc. under the brand name Vaniqa. Eflornithine for injection against sleeping sickness was manufactured by Sanofi Aventis and sold under the brand name …

Background Baloxavir marboxil is an antiviral drug used to treat influenza. More specifically, it is a first-in-class cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor that works to block influenza virus proliferation. It is a prodrug of baloxavir 6 with an improved absorption profile than its active metabolite due to the addition of a phenolic hydroxyl group to its structure. Baloxavir marboxil was first globally …